World Geography Notes Download

 

World Geography (ବିଶ୍ୱ ଭୂଗୋଳ)

• Geography (ଭୂଗୋଳ) is the science that studies the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of the Earth (ପୃଥିବୀର ଭୂମି, ବିଶିଷ୍ଟତା, ନିବାସୀ ଏବଂ ଘଟଣା).
• The word Geography (ଭୂଗୋଳ) was first used by the Greek scholar Eratosthenes (ଇରାଟୋସ୍ଥେନିସ୍) in the 2nd century BC (ଈସାପୂର୍ବ 2 ଶତାବ୍ଦୀରେ ଗ୍ରୀକ ବିଦ୍ୱାନ).

 

Some Important Contributors to Geography (ଭୂଗୋଳକୁ ଯୋଗଦାନକାରୀ ବିଶିଷ୍ଟ ଜଣେ)

• Eratosthenes (ଇରାଟୋସ୍ଥେନିସ୍) was the first to calculate the Earth's circumference (ପୃଥିବୀର ପରିଧି) and the tilt of the Earth's axis (ପୃଥିବୀର ଧ୍ରୁବରୁ ଝୁକାଅ).
• Anaximander (ଅନାକ୍ସିମାଣ୍ଡର୍) created the first world map (ପ୍ରଥମ ଜଗତର ମାନଚିତ୍ର).
• Ainville (ଆଇନଭିଲ୍) made the first map of India (ପ୍ରଥମ ଭାରତ ମାନଚିତ୍ର).
• Ptolemy (ପ୍ଟୋଲେମି) first presented India on the world map (ଭାରତକୁ ପ୍ରଥମେ ଜଗତ ମାନଚିତ୍ରରେ ଦର୍ଶାଇଥିଲେ).
• Friedrich Ratzel (ଫ୍ରିଡ୍ରିକ୍ ରାଜେଲ୍) wrote Anthropogeography (ଆନ୍ଥ୍ରୋପୋଜିଓଗ୍ରାଫି), which is about human geography (ମାନବ ଭୂଗୋଳ).

 

Branches of Geography (ଭୂଗୋଳର ଶାଖାଗୁଡ଼ିକ)

Geography is mainly divided into two parts (ଭୂଗୋଳକୁ ଦୁଇ ମୁଖ୍ୟ ଭାଗରେ ବିଭକ୍ତ କରାଯାଇଛି):

1. Physical Geography (ପ୍ରାକୃତିକ ଭୂଗୋଳ)
2. Human Geography (ମାନବ ଭୂଗୋଳ)

 

Human Geography (ମାନବ ଭୂଗୋଳ)

• Human Geography (ମାନବ ଭୂଗୋଳ) studies the world, its people, and their relationships with the land (ପୃଥିବୀ, ତାହାର ଜନସମାଜ ଓ ଭୂମି ସହିତ ଯୋଗସୂତ୍ର).
• Fields of human geography include (ମାନବ ଭୂଗୋଳର ବିଭିନ୍ନ କ୍ଷେତ୍ର):
• Cultural Geography (ସାଂସ୍କୃତିକ ଭୂଗୋଳ)
• Development Geography (ବିକାଶ ଭୂଗୋଳ)
• Economic Geography (ଆର୍ଥିକ ଭୂଗୋଳ)
• Health Geography (ସ୍ୱାସ୍ଥ୍ୟ ଭୂଗୋଳ)
• Historical Geography (ଇତିହାସିକ ଭୂଗୋଳ)
• Political Geography (ରାଜନୈତିକ ଭୂଗୋଳ)
• Population Geography (ଜନସଂଖ୍ୟା ଭୂଗୋଳ)
• Settlement Geography (ବସାହି ଭୂଗୋଳ)